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✍️ Editing: test_reflection.py

            File: /opt/cloudlinux/venv/lib/python3.11/site-packages/sqlalchemy/testing/suite/test_reflection.py

            Size: 47.26 KB | 
            Last Modified: 2026-01-20 20:01:47        

import operator
import re

import sqlalchemy as sa
from .. import assert_raises_message
from .. import config
from .. import engines
from .. import eq_
from .. import expect_warnings
from .. import fixtures
from .. import is_
from ..provision import temp_table_keyword_args
from ..schema import Column
from ..schema import Table
from ... import event
from ... import exc as sa_exc
from ... import ForeignKey
from ... import inspect
from ... import Integer
from ... import MetaData
from ... import String
from ... import testing
from ... import types as sql_types
from ...engine.reflection import Inspector
from ...schema import DDL
from ...schema import Index
from ...sql.elements import quoted_name
from ...testing import is_false
from ...testing import is_true

metadata, users = None, None

class HasTableTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    __backend__ = True

@classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        Table(
            "test_table",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("data", String(50)),
        )
        if testing.requires.schemas.enabled:
            Table(
                "test_table_s",
                metadata,
                Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
                Column("data", String(50)),
                schema=config.test_schema,
            )

def test_has_table(self):
        with config.db.begin() as conn:
            is_true(config.db.dialect.has_table(conn, "test_table"))
            is_false(config.db.dialect.has_table(conn, "test_table_s"))
            is_false(config.db.dialect.has_table(conn, "nonexistent_table"))

@testing.requires.schemas
    def test_has_table_schema(self):
        with config.db.begin() as conn:
            is_false(
                config.db.dialect.has_table(
                    conn, "test_table", schema=config.test_schema
                )
            )
            is_true(
                config.db.dialect.has_table(
                    conn, "test_table_s", schema=config.test_schema
                )
            )
            is_false(
                config.db.dialect.has_table(
                    conn, "nonexistent_table", schema=config.test_schema
                )
            )

class QuotedNameArgumentTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    run_create_tables = "once"
    __backend__ = True

@classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        Table(
            "quote ' one",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer),
            Column("name", String(50)),
            Column("data", String(50)),
            Column("related_id", Integer),
            sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pk quote ' one"),
            sa.Index("ix quote ' one", "name"),
            sa.UniqueConstraint(
                "data",
                name="uq quote' one",
            ),
            sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
                ["id"], ["related.id"], name="fk quote ' one"
            ),
            sa.CheckConstraint("name != 'foo'", name="ck quote ' one"),
            comment=r"""quote ' one comment""",
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

if testing.requires.symbol_names_w_double_quote.enabled:
            Table(
                'quote " two',
                metadata,
                Column("id", Integer),
                Column("name", String(50)),
                Column("data", String(50)),
                Column("related_id", Integer),
                sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name='pk quote " two'),
                sa.Index('ix quote " two', "name"),
                sa.UniqueConstraint(
                    "data",
                    name='uq quote" two',
                ),
                sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
                    ["id"], ["related.id"], name='fk quote " two'
                ),
                sa.CheckConstraint("name != 'foo'", name='ck quote " two '),
                comment=r"""quote " two comment""",
                test_needs_fk=True,
            )

Table(
            "related",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("related", Integer),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

if testing.requires.view_column_reflection.enabled:

if testing.requires.symbol_names_w_double_quote.enabled:
                names = [
                    "quote ' one",
                    'quote " two',
                ]
            else:
                names = [
                    "quote ' one",
                ]
            for name in names:
                query = "CREATE VIEW %s AS SELECT * FROM %s" % (
                    testing.db.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote(
                        "view %s" % name
                    ),
                    testing.db.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote(name),
                )

event.listen(metadata, "after_create", DDL(query))
                event.listen(
                    metadata,
                    "before_drop",
                    DDL(
                        "DROP VIEW %s"
                        % testing.db.dialect.identifier_preparer.quote(
                            "view %s" % name
                        )
                    ),
                )

def quote_fixtures(fn):
        return testing.combinations(
            ("quote ' one",),
            ('quote " two', testing.requires.symbol_names_w_double_quote),
        )(fn)

@quote_fixtures
    def test_get_table_options(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)

insp.get_table_options(name)

@quote_fixtures
    @testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    def test_get_view_definition(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_view_definition("view %s" % name)

@quote_fixtures
    def test_get_columns(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_columns(name)

@quote_fixtures
    def test_get_pk_constraint(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_pk_constraint(name)

@quote_fixtures
    def test_get_foreign_keys(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_foreign_keys(name)

@quote_fixtures
    def test_get_indexes(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_indexes(name)

@quote_fixtures
    @testing.requires.unique_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_unique_constraints(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_unique_constraints(name)

@quote_fixtures
    @testing.requires.comment_reflection
    def test_get_table_comment(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_table_comment(name)

@quote_fixtures
    @testing.requires.check_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_check_constraints(self, name):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        assert insp.get_check_constraints(name)

class ComponentReflectionTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    run_inserts = run_deletes = None

__backend__ = True

@classmethod
    def setup_bind(cls):
        if config.requirements.independent_connections.enabled:
            from sqlalchemy import pool

return engines.testing_engine(
                options=dict(poolclass=pool.StaticPool)
            )
        else:
            return config.db

@classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        cls.define_reflected_tables(metadata, None)
        if testing.requires.schemas.enabled:
            cls.define_reflected_tables(metadata, testing.config.test_schema)

@classmethod
    def define_reflected_tables(cls, metadata, schema):
        if schema:
            schema_prefix = schema + "."
        else:
            schema_prefix = ""

if testing.requires.self_referential_foreign_keys.enabled:
            users = Table(
                "users",
                metadata,
                Column("user_id", sa.INT, primary_key=True),
                Column("test1", sa.CHAR(5), nullable=False),
                Column("test2", sa.Float(5), nullable=False),
                Column(
                    "parent_user_id",
                    sa.Integer,
                    sa.ForeignKey(
                        "%susers.user_id" % schema_prefix, name="user_id_fk"
                    ),
                ),
                schema=schema,
                test_needs_fk=True,
            )
        else:
            users = Table(
                "users",
                metadata,
                Column("user_id", sa.INT, primary_key=True),
                Column("test1", sa.CHAR(5), nullable=False),
                Column("test2", sa.Float(5), nullable=False),
                schema=schema,
                test_needs_fk=True,
            )

Table(
            "dingalings",
            metadata,
            Column("dingaling_id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column(
                "address_id",
                sa.Integer,
                sa.ForeignKey("%semail_addresses.address_id" % schema_prefix),
            ),
            Column("data", sa.String(30)),
            schema=schema,
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )
        Table(
            "email_addresses",
            metadata,
            Column("address_id", sa.Integer),
            Column(
                "remote_user_id", sa.Integer, sa.ForeignKey(users.c.user_id)
            ),
            Column("email_address", sa.String(20)),
            sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("address_id", name="email_ad_pk"),
            schema=schema,
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )
        Table(
            "comment_test",
            metadata,
            Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True, comment="id comment"),
            Column("data", sa.String(20), comment="data % comment"),
            Column(
                "d2",
                sa.String(20),
                comment=r"""Comment types type speedily ' " \ '' Fun!""",
            ),
            schema=schema,
            comment=r"""the test % ' " \ table comment""",
        )

if testing.requires.cross_schema_fk_reflection.enabled:
            if schema is None:
                Table(
                    "local_table",
                    metadata,
                    Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    Column("data", sa.String(20)),
                    Column(
                        "remote_id",
                        ForeignKey(
                            "%s.remote_table_2.id" % testing.config.test_schema
                        ),
                    ),
                    test_needs_fk=True,
                    schema=config.db.dialect.default_schema_name,
                )
            else:
                Table(
                    "remote_table",
                    metadata,
                    Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    Column(
                        "local_id",
                        ForeignKey(
                            "%s.local_table.id"
                            % config.db.dialect.default_schema_name
                        ),
                    ),
                    Column("data", sa.String(20)),
                    schema=schema,
                    test_needs_fk=True,
                )
                Table(
                    "remote_table_2",
                    metadata,
                    Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    Column("data", sa.String(20)),
                    schema=schema,
                    test_needs_fk=True,
                )

if testing.requires.index_reflection.enabled:
            cls.define_index(metadata, users)

if not schema:
                # test_needs_fk is at the moment to force MySQL InnoDB
                noncol_idx_test_nopk = Table(
                    "noncol_idx_test_nopk",
                    metadata,
                    Column("q", sa.String(5)),
                    test_needs_fk=True,
                )

noncol_idx_test_pk = Table(
                    "noncol_idx_test_pk",
                    metadata,
                    Column("id", sa.Integer, primary_key=True),
                    Column("q", sa.String(5)),
                    test_needs_fk=True,
                )

if testing.requires.indexes_with_ascdesc.enabled:
                    Index("noncol_idx_nopk", noncol_idx_test_nopk.c.q.desc())
                    Index("noncol_idx_pk", noncol_idx_test_pk.c.q.desc())

if testing.requires.view_column_reflection.enabled:
            cls.define_views(metadata, schema)
        if not schema and testing.requires.temp_table_reflection.enabled:
            cls.define_temp_tables(metadata)

@classmethod
    def define_temp_tables(cls, metadata):
        kw = temp_table_keyword_args(config, config.db)
        user_tmp = Table(
            "user_tmp",
            metadata,
            Column("id", sa.INT, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", sa.VARCHAR(50)),
            Column("foo", sa.INT),
            sa.UniqueConstraint("name", name="user_tmp_uq"),
            sa.Index("user_tmp_ix", "foo"),
            **kw
        )
        if (
            testing.requires.view_reflection.enabled
            and testing.requires.temporary_views.enabled
        ):
            event.listen(
                user_tmp,
                "after_create",
                DDL(
                    "create temporary view user_tmp_v as "
                    "select * from user_tmp"
                ),
            )
            event.listen(user_tmp, "before_drop", DDL("drop view user_tmp_v"))

@classmethod
    def define_index(cls, metadata, users):
        Index("users_t_idx", users.c.test1, users.c.test2)
        Index("users_all_idx", users.c.user_id, users.c.test2, users.c.test1)

@classmethod
    def define_views(cls, metadata, schema):
        for table_name in ("users", "email_addresses"):
            fullname = table_name
            if schema:
                fullname = "%s.%s" % (schema, table_name)
            view_name = fullname + "_v"
            query = "CREATE VIEW %s AS SELECT * FROM %s" % (
                view_name,
                fullname,
            )

event.listen(metadata, "after_create", DDL(query))
            event.listen(
                metadata, "before_drop", DDL("DROP VIEW %s" % view_name)
            )

@testing.requires.schema_reflection
    def test_get_schema_names(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)

self.assert_(testing.config.test_schema in insp.get_schema_names())

@testing.requires.schema_reflection
    def test_dialect_initialize(self):
        engine = engines.testing_engine()
        assert not hasattr(engine.dialect, "default_schema_name")
        inspect(engine)
        assert hasattr(engine.dialect, "default_schema_name")

@testing.requires.schema_reflection
    def test_get_default_schema_name(self):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)
        eq_(insp.default_schema_name, testing.db.dialect.default_schema_name)

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_table_names(
        self, schema=None, table_type="table", order_by=None
    ):
        _ignore_tables = [
            "comment_test",
            "noncol_idx_test_pk",
            "noncol_idx_test_nopk",
            "local_table",
            "remote_table",
            "remote_table_2",
        ]
        meta = self.metadata

insp = inspect(meta.bind)

if table_type == "view":
            table_names = insp.get_view_names(schema)
            table_names.sort()
            answer = ["email_addresses_v", "users_v"]
            eq_(sorted(table_names), answer)
        else:
            if order_by:
                tables = [
                    rec[0]
                    for rec in insp.get_sorted_table_and_fkc_names(schema)
                    if rec[0]
                ]
            else:
                tables = insp.get_table_names(schema)
            table_names = [t for t in tables if t not in _ignore_tables]

if order_by == "foreign_key":
                answer = ["users", "email_addresses", "dingalings"]
                eq_(table_names, answer)
            else:
                answer = ["dingalings", "email_addresses", "users"]
                eq_(sorted(table_names), answer)

@testing.requires.temp_table_names
    def test_get_temp_table_names(self):
        insp = inspect(self.bind)
        temp_table_names = insp.get_temp_table_names()
        eq_(sorted(temp_table_names), ["user_tmp"])

@testing.requires.view_reflection
    @testing.requires.temp_table_names
    @testing.requires.temporary_views
    def test_get_temp_view_names(self):
        insp = inspect(self.bind)
        temp_table_names = insp.get_temp_view_names()
        eq_(sorted(temp_table_names), ["user_tmp_v"])

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    def test_get_table_names(self):
        self._test_get_table_names()

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_table_names_fks(self):
        self._test_get_table_names(order_by="foreign_key")

@testing.requires.comment_reflection
    def test_get_comments(self):
        self._test_get_comments()

@testing.requires.comment_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_comments_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_comments(testing.config.test_schema)

def _test_get_comments(self, schema=None):
        insp = inspect(testing.db)

eq_(
            insp.get_table_comment("comment_test", schema=schema),
            {"text": r"""the test % ' " \ table comment"""},
        )

eq_(insp.get_table_comment("users", schema=schema), {"text": None})

eq_(
            [
                {"name": rec["name"], "comment": rec["comment"]}
                for rec in insp.get_columns("comment_test", schema=schema)
            ],
            [
                {"comment": "id comment", "name": "id"},
                {"comment": "data % comment", "name": "data"},
                {
                    "comment": (
                        r"""Comment types type speedily ' " \ '' Fun!"""
                    ),
                    "name": "d2",
                },
            ],
        )

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_table_names_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_table_names(testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    def test_get_view_names(self):
        self._test_get_table_names(table_type="view")

@testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_view_names_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_table_names(
            testing.config.test_schema, table_type="view"
        )

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    def test_get_tables_and_views(self):
        self._test_get_table_names()
        self._test_get_table_names(table_type="view")

def _test_get_columns(self, schema=None, table_type="table"):
        meta = MetaData(testing.db)
        users, addresses = (self.tables.users, self.tables.email_addresses)
        table_names = ["users", "email_addresses"]
        if table_type == "view":
            table_names = ["users_v", "email_addresses_v"]
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        for table_name, table in zip(table_names, (users, addresses)):
            schema_name = schema
            cols = insp.get_columns(table_name, schema=schema_name)
            self.assert_(len(cols) > 0, len(cols))

# should be in order

for i, col in enumerate(table.columns):
                eq_(col.name, cols[i]["name"])
                ctype = cols[i]["type"].__class__
                ctype_def = col.type
                if isinstance(ctype_def, sa.types.TypeEngine):
                    ctype_def = ctype_def.__class__

# Oracle returns Date for DateTime.

if testing.against("oracle") and ctype_def in (
                    sql_types.Date,
                    sql_types.DateTime,
                ):
                    ctype_def = sql_types.Date

# assert that the desired type and return type share
                # a base within one of the generic types.

self.assert_(
                    len(
                        set(ctype.__mro__)
                        .intersection(ctype_def.__mro__)
                        .intersection(
                            [
                                sql_types.Integer,
                                sql_types.Numeric,
                                sql_types.DateTime,
                                sql_types.Date,
                                sql_types.Time,
                                sql_types.String,
                                sql_types._Binary,
                            ]
                        )
                    )
                    > 0,
                    "%s(%s), %s(%s)"
                    % (col.name, col.type, cols[i]["name"], ctype),
                )

if not col.primary_key:
                    assert cols[i]["default"] is None

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    def test_get_columns(self):
        self._test_get_columns()

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _type_round_trip(self, *types):
        t = Table(
            "t",
            self.metadata,
            *[Column("t%d" % i, type_) for i, type_ in enumerate(types)]
        )
        t.create()

return [
            c["type"] for c in inspect(self.metadata.bind).get_columns("t")
        ]

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    def test_numeric_reflection(self):
        for typ in self._type_round_trip(sql_types.Numeric(18, 5)):
            assert isinstance(typ, sql_types.Numeric)
            eq_(typ.precision, 18)
            eq_(typ.scale, 5)

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    def test_varchar_reflection(self):
        typ = self._type_round_trip(sql_types.String(52))[0]
        assert isinstance(typ, sql_types.String)
        eq_(typ.length, 52)

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_nullable_reflection(self):
        t = Table(
            "t",
            self.metadata,
            Column("a", Integer, nullable=True),
            Column("b", Integer, nullable=False),
        )
        t.create()
        eq_(
            dict(
                (col["name"], col["nullable"])
                for col in inspect(self.metadata.bind).get_columns("t")
            ),
            {"a": True, "b": False},
        )

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_columns_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_columns(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.requires.temp_table_reflection
    def test_get_temp_table_columns(self):
        meta = MetaData(self.bind)
        user_tmp = self.tables.user_tmp
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        cols = insp.get_columns("user_tmp")
        self.assert_(len(cols) > 0, len(cols))

for i, col in enumerate(user_tmp.columns):
            eq_(col.name, cols[i]["name"])

@testing.requires.temp_table_reflection
    @testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    @testing.requires.temporary_views
    def test_get_temp_view_columns(self):
        insp = inspect(self.bind)
        cols = insp.get_columns("user_tmp_v")
        eq_([col["name"] for col in cols], ["id", "name", "foo"])

@testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    def test_get_view_columns(self):
        self._test_get_columns(table_type="view")

@testing.requires.view_column_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_view_columns_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_columns(
            schema=testing.config.test_schema, table_type="view"
        )

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_pk_constraint(self, schema=None):
        meta = self.metadata
        users, addresses = self.tables.users, self.tables.email_addresses
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)

users_cons = insp.get_pk_constraint(users.name, schema=schema)
        users_pkeys = users_cons["constrained_columns"]
        eq_(users_pkeys, ["user_id"])

addr_cons = insp.get_pk_constraint(addresses.name, schema=schema)
        addr_pkeys = addr_cons["constrained_columns"]
        eq_(addr_pkeys, ["address_id"])

with testing.requires.reflects_pk_names.fail_if():
            eq_(addr_cons["name"], "email_ad_pk")

@testing.requires.primary_key_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_pk_constraint(self):
        self._test_get_pk_constraint()

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.requires.primary_key_constraint_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_pk_constraint_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_pk_constraint(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_deprecated_get_primary_keys(self):
        meta = self.metadata
        users = self.tables.users
        insp = Inspector(meta.bind)
        assert_raises_message(
            sa_exc.SADeprecationWarning,
            r".*get_primary_keys\(\) method is deprecated",
            insp.get_primary_keys,
            users.name,
        )

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_foreign_keys(self, schema=None):
        meta = self.metadata
        users, addresses = (self.tables.users, self.tables.email_addresses)
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        expected_schema = schema
        # users

if testing.requires.self_referential_foreign_keys.enabled:
            users_fkeys = insp.get_foreign_keys(users.name, schema=schema)
            fkey1 = users_fkeys[0]

with testing.requires.named_constraints.fail_if():
                eq_(fkey1["name"], "user_id_fk")

eq_(fkey1["referred_schema"], expected_schema)
            eq_(fkey1["referred_table"], users.name)
            eq_(fkey1["referred_columns"], ["user_id"])
            if testing.requires.self_referential_foreign_keys.enabled:
                eq_(fkey1["constrained_columns"], ["parent_user_id"])

# addresses
        addr_fkeys = insp.get_foreign_keys(addresses.name, schema=schema)
        fkey1 = addr_fkeys[0]

with testing.requires.implicitly_named_constraints.fail_if():
            self.assert_(fkey1["name"] is not None)

eq_(fkey1["referred_schema"], expected_schema)
        eq_(fkey1["referred_table"], users.name)
        eq_(fkey1["referred_columns"], ["user_id"])
        eq_(fkey1["constrained_columns"], ["remote_user_id"])

@testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_foreign_keys(self):
        self._test_get_foreign_keys()

@testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_foreign_keys_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_foreign_keys(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.requires.cross_schema_fk_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_inter_schema_foreign_keys(self):
        local_table, remote_table, remote_table_2 = self.tables(
            "%s.local_table" % testing.db.dialect.default_schema_name,
            "%s.remote_table" % testing.config.test_schema,
            "%s.remote_table_2" % testing.config.test_schema,
        )

insp = inspect(config.db)

local_fkeys = insp.get_foreign_keys(local_table.name)
        eq_(len(local_fkeys), 1)

fkey1 = local_fkeys[0]
        eq_(fkey1["referred_schema"], testing.config.test_schema)
        eq_(fkey1["referred_table"], remote_table_2.name)
        eq_(fkey1["referred_columns"], ["id"])
        eq_(fkey1["constrained_columns"], ["remote_id"])

remote_fkeys = insp.get_foreign_keys(
            remote_table.name, schema=testing.config.test_schema
        )
        eq_(len(remote_fkeys), 1)

fkey2 = remote_fkeys[0]

assert fkey2["referred_schema"] in (
            None,
            testing.db.dialect.default_schema_name,
        )
        eq_(fkey2["referred_table"], local_table.name)
        eq_(fkey2["referred_columns"], ["id"])
        eq_(fkey2["constrained_columns"], ["local_id"])

@testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_option_reflection_ondelete
    def test_get_foreign_key_options_ondelete(self):
        self._test_get_foreign_key_options(ondelete="CASCADE")

@testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_option_reflection_onupdate
    def test_get_foreign_key_options_onupdate(self):
        self._test_get_foreign_key_options(onupdate="SET NULL")

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_foreign_key_options(self, **options):
        meta = self.metadata

Table(
            "x",
            meta,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

Table(
            "table",
            meta,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("x_id", Integer, sa.ForeignKey("x.id", name="xid")),
            Column("test", String(10)),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

Table(
            "user",
            meta,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("name", String(50), nullable=False),
            Column("tid", Integer),
            sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
                ["tid"], ["table.id"], name="myfk", **options
            ),
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

meta.create_all()

insp = inspect(meta.bind)

# test 'options' is always present for a backend
        # that can reflect these, since alembic looks for this
        opts = insp.get_foreign_keys("table")[0]["options"]

eq_(dict((k, opts[k]) for k in opts if opts[k]), {})

opts = insp.get_foreign_keys("user")[0]["options"]
        eq_(dict((k, opts[k]) for k in opts if opts[k]), options)

def _assert_insp_indexes(self, indexes, expected_indexes):
        index_names = [d["name"] for d in indexes]
        for e_index in expected_indexes:
            assert e_index["name"] in index_names
            index = indexes[index_names.index(e_index["name"])]
            for key in e_index:
                eq_(e_index[key], index[key])

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_indexes(self, schema=None):
        meta = self.metadata

# The database may decide to create indexes for foreign keys, etc.
        # so there may be more indexes than expected.
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        indexes = insp.get_indexes("users", schema=schema)
        expected_indexes = [
            {
                "unique": False,
                "column_names": ["test1", "test2"],
                "name": "users_t_idx",
            },
            {
                "unique": False,
                "column_names": ["user_id", "test2", "test1"],
                "name": "users_all_idx",
            },
        ]
        self._assert_insp_indexes(indexes, expected_indexes)

@testing.requires.index_reflection
    def test_get_indexes(self):
        self._test_get_indexes()

@testing.requires.index_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_indexes_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_indexes(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_noncol_index(self, tname, ixname):
        meta = self.metadata
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        indexes = insp.get_indexes(tname)

# reflecting an index that has "x DESC" in it as the column.
        # the DB may or may not give us "x", but make sure we get the index
        # back, it has a name, it's connected to the table.
        expected_indexes = [{"unique": False, "name": ixname}]
        self._assert_insp_indexes(indexes, expected_indexes)

t = Table(tname, meta, autoload_with=meta.bind)
        eq_(len(t.indexes), 1)
        is_(list(t.indexes)[0].table, t)
        eq_(list(t.indexes)[0].name, ixname)

@testing.requires.index_reflection
    @testing.requires.indexes_with_ascdesc
    def test_get_noncol_index_no_pk(self):
        self._test_get_noncol_index("noncol_idx_test_nopk", "noncol_idx_nopk")

@testing.requires.index_reflection
    @testing.requires.indexes_with_ascdesc
    def test_get_noncol_index_pk(self):
        self._test_get_noncol_index("noncol_idx_test_pk", "noncol_idx_pk")

@testing.requires.indexes_with_expressions
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_reflect_expression_based_indexes(self):
        Table(
            "t",
            self.metadata,
            Column("x", String(30)),
            Column("y", String(30)),
        )
        event.listen(
            self.metadata,
            "after_create",
            DDL("CREATE INDEX t_idx ON t(lower(x), lower(y))"),
        )
        event.listen(
            self.metadata, "after_create", DDL("CREATE INDEX t_idx_2 ON t(x)")
        )
        self.metadata.create_all()

insp = inspect(self.metadata.bind)

with expect_warnings(
            "Skipped unsupported reflection of expression-based index t_idx"
        ):
            eq_(
                insp.get_indexes("t"),
                [{"name": "t_idx_2", "column_names": ["x"], "unique": 0}],
            )

@testing.requires.unique_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_unique_constraints(self):
        self._test_get_unique_constraints()

@testing.requires.temp_table_reflection
    @testing.requires.unique_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_temp_table_unique_constraints(self):
        insp = inspect(self.bind)
        reflected = insp.get_unique_constraints("user_tmp")
        for refl in reflected:
            # Different dialects handle duplicate index and constraints
            # differently, so ignore this flag
            refl.pop("duplicates_index", None)
        eq_(reflected, [{"column_names": ["name"], "name": "user_tmp_uq"}])

@testing.requires.temp_table_reflection
    def test_get_temp_table_indexes(self):
        insp = inspect(self.bind)
        indexes = insp.get_indexes("user_tmp")
        for ind in indexes:
            ind.pop("dialect_options", None)
        eq_(
            # TODO: we need to add better filtering for indexes/uq constraints
            # that are doubled up
            [idx for idx in indexes if idx["name"] == "user_tmp_ix"],
            [
                {
                    "unique": False,
                    "column_names": ["foo"],
                    "name": "user_tmp_ix",
                }
            ],
        )

@testing.requires.unique_constraint_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_unique_constraints_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_unique_constraints(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_unique_constraints(self, schema=None):
        # SQLite dialect needs to parse the names of the constraints
        # separately from what it gets from PRAGMA index_list(), and
        # then matches them up.  so same set of column_names in two
        # constraints will confuse it.    Perhaps we should no longer
        # bother with index_list() here since we have the whole
        # CREATE TABLE?
        uniques = sorted(
            [
                {"name": "unique_a", "column_names": ["a"]},
                {"name": "unique_a_b_c", "column_names": ["a", "b", "c"]},
                {"name": "unique_c_a_b", "column_names": ["c", "a", "b"]},
                {"name": "unique_asc_key", "column_names": ["asc", "key"]},
                {"name": "i.have.dots", "column_names": ["b"]},
                {"name": "i have spaces", "column_names": ["c"]},
            ],
            key=operator.itemgetter("name"),
        )
        orig_meta = self.metadata
        table = Table(
            "testtbl",
            orig_meta,
            Column("a", sa.String(20)),
            Column("b", sa.String(30)),
            Column("c", sa.Integer),
            # reserved identifiers
            Column("asc", sa.String(30)),
            Column("key", sa.String(30)),
            schema=schema,
        )
        for uc in uniques:
            table.append_constraint(
                sa.UniqueConstraint(*uc["column_names"], name=uc["name"])
            )
        orig_meta.create_all()

inspector = inspect(orig_meta.bind)
        reflected = sorted(
            inspector.get_unique_constraints("testtbl", schema=schema),
            key=operator.itemgetter("name"),
        )

names_that_duplicate_index = set()

for orig, refl in zip(uniques, reflected):
            # Different dialects handle duplicate index and constraints
            # differently, so ignore this flag
            dupe = refl.pop("duplicates_index", None)
            if dupe:
                names_that_duplicate_index.add(dupe)
            eq_(orig, refl)

reflected_metadata = MetaData()
        reflected = Table(
            "testtbl",
            reflected_metadata,
            autoload_with=orig_meta.bind,
            schema=schema,
        )

# test "deduplicates for index" logic.   MySQL and Oracle
        # "unique constraints" are actually unique indexes (with possible
        # exception of a unique that is a dupe of another one in the case
        # of Oracle).  make sure # they aren't duplicated.
        idx_names = set([idx.name for idx in reflected.indexes])
        uq_names = set(
            [
                uq.name
                for uq in reflected.constraints
                if isinstance(uq, sa.UniqueConstraint)
            ]
        ).difference(["unique_c_a_b"])

assert not idx_names.intersection(uq_names)
        if names_that_duplicate_index:
            eq_(names_that_duplicate_index, idx_names)
            eq_(uq_names, set())

@testing.requires.check_constraint_reflection
    def test_get_check_constraints(self):
        self._test_get_check_constraints()

@testing.requires.check_constraint_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_check_constraints_schema(self):
        self._test_get_check_constraints(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_check_constraints(self, schema=None):
        orig_meta = self.metadata
        Table(
            "sa_cc",
            orig_meta,
            Column("a", Integer()),
            sa.CheckConstraint("a > 1 AND a < 5", name="cc1"),
            sa.CheckConstraint("a = 1 OR (a > 2 AND a < 5)", name="cc2"),
            schema=schema,
        )

orig_meta.create_all()

inspector = inspect(orig_meta.bind)
        reflected = sorted(
            inspector.get_check_constraints("sa_cc", schema=schema),
            key=operator.itemgetter("name"),
        )

# trying to minimize effect of quoting, parenthesis, etc.
        # may need to add more to this as new dialects get CHECK
        # constraint reflection support
        def normalize(sqltext):
            return " ".join(
                re.findall(r"and|\d|=|a|or|<|>", sqltext.lower(), re.I)
            )

reflected = [
            {"name": item["name"], "sqltext": normalize(item["sqltext"])}
            for item in reflected
        ]
        eq_(
            reflected,
            [
                {"name": "cc1", "sqltext": "a > 1 and a < 5"},
                {"name": "cc2", "sqltext": "a = 1 or a > 2 and a < 5"},
            ],
        )

@testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_view_definition(self, schema=None):
        meta = self.metadata
        view_name1 = "users_v"
        view_name2 = "email_addresses_v"
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        v1 = insp.get_view_definition(view_name1, schema=schema)
        self.assert_(v1)
        v2 = insp.get_view_definition(view_name2, schema=schema)
        self.assert_(v2)

@testing.requires.view_reflection
    def test_get_view_definition(self):
        self._test_get_view_definition()

@testing.requires.view_reflection
    @testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_view_definition_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_view_definition(schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.only_on("postgresql", "PG specific feature")
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def _test_get_table_oid(self, table_name, schema=None):
        meta = self.metadata
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        oid = insp.get_table_oid(table_name, schema)
        self.assert_(isinstance(oid, int))

def test_get_table_oid(self):
        self._test_get_table_oid("users")

@testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_table_oid_with_schema(self):
        self._test_get_table_oid("users", schema=testing.config.test_schema)

@testing.requires.table_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_autoincrement_col(self):
        """test that 'autoincrement' is reflected according to sqla's policy.

Don't mark this test as unsupported for any backend !

(technically it fails with MySQL InnoDB since "id" comes before "id2")

A backend is better off not returning "autoincrement" at all,
        instead of potentially returning "False" for an auto-incrementing
        primary key column.

"""

meta = self.metadata
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)

for tname, cname in [
            ("users", "user_id"),
            ("email_addresses", "address_id"),
            ("dingalings", "dingaling_id"),
        ]:
            cols = insp.get_columns(tname)
            id_ = {c["name"]: c for c in cols}[cname]
            assert id_.get("autoincrement", True)

class NormalizedNameTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    __requires__ = ("denormalized_names",)
    __backend__ = True

@classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        Table(
            quoted_name("t1", quote=True),
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
        )
        Table(
            quoted_name("t2", quote=True),
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("t1id", ForeignKey("t1.id")),
        )

def test_reflect_lowercase_forced_tables(self):

m2 = MetaData(testing.db)
        t2_ref = Table(quoted_name("t2", quote=True), m2, autoload=True)
        t1_ref = m2.tables["t1"]
        assert t2_ref.c.t1id.references(t1_ref.c.id)

m3 = MetaData(testing.db)
        m3.reflect(only=lambda name, m: name.lower() in ("t1", "t2"))
        assert m3.tables["t2"].c.t1id.references(m3.tables["t1"].c.id)

def test_get_table_names(self):
        tablenames = [
            t
            for t in inspect(testing.db).get_table_names()
            if t.lower() in ("t1", "t2")
        ]

eq_(tablenames[0].upper(), tablenames[0].lower())
        eq_(tablenames[1].upper(), tablenames[1].lower())

class ComputedReflectionTest(fixtures.ComputedReflectionFixtureTest):
    def test_computed_col_default_not_set(self):
        insp = inspect(config.db)

cols = insp.get_columns("computed_column_table")
        for col in cols:
            if col["name"] == "with_default":
                is_true("42" in col["default"])
            elif not col["autoincrement"]:
                is_(col["default"], None)

def test_get_column_returns_computed(self):
        insp = inspect(config.db)

cols = insp.get_columns("computed_default_table")
        data = {c["name"]: c for c in cols}
        for key in ("id", "normal", "with_default"):
            is_true("computed" not in data[key])
        compData = data["computed_col"]
        is_true("computed" in compData)
        is_true("sqltext" in compData["computed"])
        eq_(self.normalize(compData["computed"]["sqltext"]), "normal+42")
        eq_(
            "persisted" in compData["computed"],
            testing.requires.computed_columns_reflect_persisted.enabled,
        )
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_reflect_persisted.enabled:
            eq_(
                compData["computed"]["persisted"],
                testing.requires.computed_columns_default_persisted.enabled,
            )

def check_column(self, data, column, sqltext, persisted):
        is_true("computed" in data[column])
        compData = data[column]["computed"]
        eq_(self.normalize(compData["sqltext"]), sqltext)
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_reflect_persisted.enabled:
            is_true("persisted" in compData)
            is_(compData["persisted"], persisted)

def test_get_column_returns_persisted(self):
        insp = inspect(config.db)

cols = insp.get_columns("computed_column_table")
        data = {c["name"]: c for c in cols}

self.check_column(
            data,
            "computed_no_flag",
            "normal+42",
            testing.requires.computed_columns_default_persisted.enabled,
        )
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_virtual.enabled:
            self.check_column(
                data,
                "computed_virtual",
                "normal+2",
                False,
            )
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_stored.enabled:
            self.check_column(
                data,
                "computed_stored",
                "normal-42",
                True,
            )

@testing.requires.schemas
    def test_get_column_returns_persisted_with_schema(self):
        insp = inspect(config.db)

cols = insp.get_columns(
            "computed_column_table", schema=config.test_schema
        )
        data = {c["name"]: c for c in cols}

self.check_column(
            data,
            "computed_no_flag",
            "normal/42",
            testing.requires.computed_columns_default_persisted.enabled,
        )
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_virtual.enabled:
            self.check_column(
                data,
                "computed_virtual",
                "normal/2",
                False,
            )
        if testing.requires.computed_columns_stored.enabled:
            self.check_column(
                data,
                "computed_stored",
                "normal*42",
                True,
            )

class CompositeKeyReflectionTest(fixtures.TablesTest):
    __backend__ = True

@classmethod
    def define_tables(cls, metadata):
        tb1 = Table(
            "tb1",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer),
            Column("attr", Integer),
            Column("name", sql_types.VARCHAR(20)),
            sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("name", "id", "attr", name="pk_tb1"),
            schema=None,
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )
        Table(
            "tb2",
            metadata,
            Column("id", Integer, primary_key=True),
            Column("pid", Integer),
            Column("pattr", Integer),
            Column("pname", sql_types.VARCHAR(20)),
            sa.ForeignKeyConstraint(
                ["pname", "pid", "pattr"],
                [tb1.c.name, tb1.c.id, tb1.c.attr],
                name="fk_tb1_name_id_attr",
            ),
            schema=None,
            test_needs_fk=True,
        )

@testing.requires.primary_key_constraint_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_pk_column_order(self):
        # test for issue #5661
        meta = self.metadata
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        primary_key = insp.get_pk_constraint(self.tables.tb1.name)
        eq_(primary_key.get("constrained_columns"), ["name", "id", "attr"])

@testing.requires.foreign_key_constraint_reflection
    @testing.provide_metadata
    def test_fk_column_order(self):
        # test for issue #5661
        meta = self.metadata
        insp = inspect(meta.bind)
        foreign_keys = insp.get_foreign_keys(self.tables.tb2.name)
        eq_(len(foreign_keys), 1)
        fkey1 = foreign_keys[0]
        eq_(fkey1.get("referred_columns"), ["name", "id", "attr"])
        eq_(fkey1.get("constrained_columns"), ["pname", "pid", "pattr"])

__all__ = (
    "ComponentReflectionTest",
    "QuotedNameArgumentTest",
    "HasTableTest",
    "NormalizedNameTest",
    "ComputedReflectionTest",
    "CompositeKeyReflectionTest",
)

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